# 阿基米德本文重定向自 阿基米德

《沉思的阿基米德》（1620年费地英语Domenico Fetti画作）

## 传记

《阿基米德之死》 （1815年，Thomas Degeorge英语Thomas Degeorge画作）

Cicero Discovering the Tomb of Archimedes （1805年，本杰明·韦斯特画作） by

“阿基米德传”的标准版本，在他死后许久才由古罗马历史学家写就。锡拉库扎攻城由波利比乌斯在记于其《通史》（英文：“Universal History”）中，大约在阿基米德死后70年写就，此后被普鲁塔克和蒂托·李维引用。此文主要着墨与其为保卫城市所建的“战争机器”，未有详述阿基米德为人。

## 成就

### 数学

“Stomachion”是阿基米德再生羊皮书里的一个类似七巧板的拼图，由14块碎片组成的几何拼图问题。

## 著作

• 《》
• 浮体论英语On Floating Bodies》：此书讨论物体的浮力，研究了旋转抛物体在流体中的稳定性
• 球与圆柱论》：此书从几个定义和公理出发，推出关于球与圆柱面积和体积等50多个命题
• 平面图形的平衡或其重心》：此书从几个基本假设出发，通过严格的几何方法论证力学原理，并求出若干平面图形的重心
• 数沙者英语The Sand Reckoner》：此书主要讲述设计一种可以表示任何大数目的方法
• 《杠杆论》
• 《劈锥曲面体与球体论》
• 抛物线求积
• 螺线论英语On Spirals

## 注释

a. ^ In the preface to On Spirals addressed to Dositheus of Pelusium, Archimedes says that "many years have elapsed since Conon's death." Conon of Samos lived c. 280–220 BC, suggesting that Archimedes may have been an older man when writing some of his works.

b. ^ The treatises by Archimedes known to exist only through references in the works of other authors are: On Sphere-Making and a work on polyhedra mentioned by Pappus of Alexandria; Catoptrica, a work on optics mentioned by Theon of Alexandria; Principles, addressed to Zeuxippus and explaining the number system used in The Sand Reckoner; On Balances and Levers; On Centers of Gravity; On the Calendar. Of the surviving works by Archimedes, T. L. Heath offers the following suggestion as to the order in which they were written: On the Equilibrium of Planes I, The Quadrature of the Parabola, On the Equilibrium of Planes II, On the Sphere and the Cylinder I, II, On Spirals, On Conoids and Spheroids, On Floating Bodies I, II, On the Measurement of a Circle, The Sand Reckoner.

c. ^ Boyer, Carl Benjamin A History of Mathematics (1991) ISBN 0-471-54397-7 "Arabic scholars inform us that the familiar area formula for a triangle in terms of its three sides, usually known as Heron's formula — k = s(s − a)(s − b)(s − c), where s is the semiperimeter — was known to Archimedes several centuries before Heron lived. Arabic scholars also attribute to Archimedes the 'theorem on the broken chord' ... Archimedes is reported by the Arabs to have given several proofs of the theorem."

d. ^ "It was usual to smear the seams or even the whole hull with pitch or with pitch and wax". In Νεκρικοὶ Διάλογοι (Dialogues of the Dead), Lucian refers to coating the seams of a skiff with wax, a reference to pitch (tar) or wax.

## 延伸阅读

• Carl Benjamin Boyer英语Carl Benjamin Boyer. A History of Mathematics. New York: Wiley. 1991. ISBN 0-471-54397-7.
• Clagett, Marshall. Archimedes in the Middle Ages 5 vols. Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press. 1964–1984.
• Eduard Jan Dijksterhuis. Archimedes. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 1987. ISBN 0-691-08421-1. Republished translation of the 1938 study of Archimedes and his works by an historian of science.
• Gow, Mary. Archimedes: Mathematical Genius of the Ancient World. Enslow Publishers, Inc. 2005. ISBN 0-7660-2502-0.
• Hasan, Heather. Archimedes: The Father of Mathematics. Rosen Central. 2005. ISBN 978-1-4042-0774-5.
• T. L. Heath英语T. L. Heath. Works of Archimedes. Dover Publications. 1897. ISBN 0-486-42084-1. Complete works of Archimedes in English.
• Netz, Reviel; Noel, William. The Archimedes Codex. Orion Publishing Group. 2007. ISBN 0-297-64547-1.
• 柯利弗德·皮寇弗. Archimedes to Hawking: Laws of Science and the Great Minds Behind Them. Oxford University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-19-533611-5.
• Simms, Dennis L. Archimedes the Engineer. Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd. 1995. ISBN 0-7201-2284-8.
• Stein, Sherman. Archimedes: What Did He Do Besides Cry Eureka?. Mathematical Association of America. 1999. ISBN 0-88385-718-9.

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